|
What
is an Oral History?
Actually, it's a bit
more involved than an average story. Taking
an oral history involves a historian (professional
or amateur)to direct the discussion and the
subject -- the person with the story to relate.
The interview is captured on audio or video
tape and incorporated into history lessons,
museum displays, or kept in a library of similar
oral histories for public enjoyment, enrichment
and education.
Why
make oral histories?
Suppose someone asked,
"What was the Korean War like?"
Historical
reply: The Korean war lasted
from 1950-53. At the time it occurred, there
were 5,720,000 military personnel in the various
branches of the service worldwide. 33,686 US
soldiers died in Korea, and an additional 103,284
were wounded. (source: Dept. of Veterans Affairs.)
Oral
history reply: "On that night,
as I went on guard duty, the temperature was
three degrees Fahrenheit. My post was to guard
our motor pool and part of our sleeping area.
I knew my job, but this was my first time under
fire. Even as I slipped off the heavy mitten
on my right hand, I could feel the fear ball
up in my stomach and rise into my throat. But
then, as I dropped onto my belly on the cold
snow, a certain calmness came to me. Thinking
back to that moment, I still find it strange
that terror and calmness could lie so close
to each other within my heart...." (read more
of this excerpt from the book I Remember
Korea, Veterans tell their stories of the Korean
War.)
Oral history
strips away the statistics and cold facts and
takes us to the thick of the experience through
the memories of those who were there.
Most things that happen in life will only occur
one time -- our only access to them is to be
there, or hear from someone who was. This is
the value and the task of oral historians, to
capture those memories and preserve them so
we can all hear and learn from them.
Oral histories
don't replace the "regular" history -- the dates,
names, places, actions. They supplement it,
and make it personal. Neither form
of history is truly complete without the other.
To study only formal history is to miss the
human element; to study only oral history is
to be limited to the view of a few single individuals
who normally will not have a good overview of
the entire situation and its historical importance.
Our
veterans have made a sacrifice that can only
be appreciated by studying both the history
books and the oral/written histories from individual
viewpoints. Their efforts have
made it possible for us to live as we do today,
and to be free to look back at a history that
is open to examination. They deserve
our respect and awe for what they achieved,
and there is no greater tribute than to simply
sit and listen as they tell what they experienced
on our behalf.
Oral histories don't
have to be about soldiers and military operations,
of course. Every family has its own oral histories.
Communities collect the remembrances of older
residents regarding their founding and growth.
There are oral history
projects devoted to collecting stories related
to particular decades, years or events.
You have stories to tell, too! The links below
will take you to many sites that can help youget
involved as a historian or an interviewee. Why
not click on a few and learn more?
Find
out more about oral history -- and take part
in it!
- Veterans
History Project -- a
government-funded effort to capture veteran
stories (all wars) and preserve them.
Site includes links to source with oral
histories regarding: American POWs, personal
reminiscences from World War I, WW II, Korean
War, Viet Nam War, Persian Gulf War (various
branches of the service, as well as civilian
stories included.)
- Oral
History Techniques and Procedures --
by Stephen E. Everett. This
site has a 44-page book that can be printed
out, which gives specific techniques for
eliciting oral histories from individuals.
Specifically aimed at military stories,
the tips are nevertheless important in any
oral history project.
- Online
Oral History How-to Course -- the AARP
is very interested in oral histories, and
has an online
course you can take that
will give instruction in how to select subjects
for oral history interviews, how to conduct
the interviews, how to establish their provenance,
and more.
- Oral
History Association -- An
organization devoted to educating would-be
oral historians, preserving
memories and linking like-minded people
in projects.
- Oral
History Online -- a
site that includes a list of "exemplary
oral history sites", guidelines for collecting
oral histories, and help in evaluating oral
histories. (Exemplary sites
include histories on American life, notable
artists' interviews, slave narratives, civil
rights movement memories, women's oral histories,
soldier histories, and more.)
|